Wireless transmission of electric energy.



R. c. GALLETTI. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18 I.9I.3.

Patented May 18, 1915.

W E Ra u 0 m N l Em A vk NC IIO WITNESSES w M 02 6 ing station connecting Wires,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERTO c. GALLETTI, or Lennon; ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO GALLETTIS WIRELESS TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE COMPANY LIMITED, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY.

Application filed. February 18, 1913. Serial No. 749,150.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROBERTO CLEMENS GALLETTI, a subject of the King of Italy, and residing at 18 Cranley Place, London, S. W., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to the Wireless Transmission of Electric 'Energy, of which the following is a speci: fication. I

This invention relates to a new method of transmitting electric energy at a distance without connecting wires and more particularly to a new system of transmitting and receiving wireless signals.

In ordinary wireless telegraphy and telephony use is made of high frequency oscillations flowing through an aerial at a transmitting station and producing electro-magnetic waves which are propagated through the space and act upon an aerial at a receivto produce therein high frequency oscillations which influence a detector arranged either in the aerial circuit or in another oscillating circuit suitably connected to the aerial, the detector acting upon a suitable indicating device suchas atelephone or other instrument.

The main object of the present invention is to provide improved means for transmitting electric energy at a distance without and I have found that such v means permit the receptionof signals at a distant receiving station directly by an indicating device without the interposition of a detector or its equivalent.

The invention broadly consists in usingat the transmitting station an aerial which is relatively slowly charged in one sense only and'is impulsively discharged by means of a quenched spark also in one sense only, the object of such an arrangement being the production of rapid unidirectional discharges in the aerial circuit.

I wish it to be understood that the spark which I use to aerial is quenched no discharge takes place therein in the opposite sense, or if such discharge of opposite sense takes place pared with themain discharge that it has hardly any appreciable effect upon the electrical conditions of the aerial.

The invention also consists in a new s stem of wireless signaling in which the sigtional impulses 1 in the specification of my ish Letters impulsively discharge the to such an extent that' the same is so small as comnals are transmitted by means of uni-direcfrom an aerial as above referred to and such signals are received at a distant receiving station in the form of unidirectional currents in an aerial in which the formation of free oscillations is suppressed.

The invention further consists in the use of the particular arrangements hereinafter described for the purpose of carrying out the invention above referred to into effect.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically and by way of example a transmitting arrangement according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic detail, and Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate two receiving arrangements.

The arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1 is derived from the arrangement shown in Fig. British Letters Patent No. 15497 of 1910, in which I have substituted the aerial for the regulating capacity C and the form of multiple spark gaps forming the subject matter of my Brit- Patent No. 10639 of 1911, for thespark gaps shown in said figure. The

Patented May 18, 1915.

positive or negative pole of a direct current dynamo D, preferably'of high voltage, is connected through a conductor M and through the interposition of an inductive resistance R with the aerial a, and a pluralty of multiple spark gaps s s s 8,. are interposed between the aerial and a plurality of condensers c c c 0,. having a common coating 0 which is connected to earth at b. The opposite pole (negative or positive) of-the is connected through a conductor N and through inductive resistance r 7' 1' 1' with the ends of the spark gaps connected to the condensers c c c and 0,, respectively. The. condenser coatings connected to the spark gaps are also connected to solenoids d, d, (i (i arranged adjacently to the spark gaps, each of these solenoids being energized by the discharge of the spark gap circuit to which it is attached and starting gap in front of which it is arranged, whereby cyclical discharges are produced. These discharges take place 'at very small intervals of time, as described in the specification to my British Letters Patent No. 12633 of 1907, the capacity of the aerial forming in direct current dynamo,

with each one of the condensers 0,, the capacity of each spark discharge, similar to the capacities C C G G C (1;. in the specification to my British Letters Patent No. 1M9? of 1910.

Let the discharge through the first multiple spark gap .9 means such as in the usual way by means of an induction coil; this discharge will cause by propagation along the wire of the solenoid (Z, an electromagnetic field around the solenoid and this field will initiate a discharge, across the second multiple spark gap 8 the latter discharge will cause in its turn an, electromagnetic field around the solenoid d and so on, the various discharges following one another in a cycle. When a discharge takes place at s, the potential of the aerial a is thereby reduced, such reduction in potential being also effected at all the other spark gaps s s". The discharge through the latter spark gaps is prevented from taking place as long as there is a discharge through 8,, but as soon as pears the capacity of the aerial a is at once charged again by the current supplied from the dynamo D, whereby the tension in all the spark gaps is increased.

By the arrangement hereinbefore described the aerial is continuously charged in one sense only and is discharged-by means of rapid uni-directional impulses practically in a continuous manner, which rapid directional impulses cause the transference of electric energythrough space at a considerable distance.

In applying the invention to telegraphic signaling 1 provide the following arrangement in order to have the cycles of dis charges under the complete control of the transmitting Morse key or its equivalent.

Referring to Fig. 2, in front of one of the spark gaps s 8 s, or 8, shown in Fig. 1, say .9 I place a solenoid e which is connected to and is excited by a separate spark circuit comprising two condensers f f,, a small gap 9 and another gap h. This circuit is connected to the leads M, N from the direct current dynamo through the intermediary of inductive resistances R R in such a way that the coating of the condenser f which is connected to the solenoid e is charged at a potential which is of oppositc sense to the potential of the coating of the condenser to which the solenoid (Z is attached. in the small gap 9 I place a Morse key i'which is preferably connected to earth. As long as the gap 9 is open, the static influence of the direct charging current from the the same, but the gap 72 is bridged by a unidirectional arc; as soon, however, as the'gap g is closed by the key 1' the two condensers form a capacity across the gap 72., the arc across 7:. is interrupted, and a spark disseries be started by any suitable to have not only charge takes place between the latter disap-- unidynamo has no influence upon charge takes place at regular intervals. At each discharge the solenoid e is energized and produces a field which causes a discharge through the gap s thereby starting the cycle of discharges.

For telegraphic purposes it is desirable the starting of the cycle of discharges but also its interruption under the control of the transmitting key or the like, and this is preferably effected by bringing the ends 0,; and dx of the solenoids e and (Z respectively, close to and at such a distance from each other that a spark disthem when both coils are energized, thereby stopping the cycle of discharges by the fields of the two coils neutralizing each other.

As it may be inconvenient. (though not diflicult) to arrange for the coincidence in time of the fields of the solenoids ti, and e, I prefer to provide the end of the solenoid e with a plurality of conductors leading also to the proximity of the ends of the solenoids arranged along the other spark gaps of the discharge apparatus, the result of this-arrangement being that each time the field of the solenoid e is energized, cycles of discharges are alternately started from the spark gap 8 and stopped in the manner above referred to by a spark discharge between the end e of the solenoid e and the end of that particular solenoid which is energized at the time the solenoid e is energized. The spark frequency of the spark circuit f f, it depends upon its capacity, the resistance of its supply leads and the discharge potential of the gap h, this frequency being chosen according to the speed of the telegraphic apparatus controlling the key i, or adjusted to give the musical note required inthe e ase of reception by sound.

At the receiving station the formation of free oscillations in the aerial'is prevented in order to permit the reception of unidirectional impulses, this purpose being the insertion therein of a sufficiently high ohmic resistance, such as that of a telephone or of a relay, as shown by the reference letters A: and Z in Figs. 3 and 4: respectively, by are received without the interposition of any kind of wave detector.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A method of transmitting electric energy at a distance without connecting wires consisting in charging a transmitting aerial relatively slowly and in one sense only, and impulsively discharging it also in one sense only, as set forth.

2. A-method of electric signaling Without connecting wires, consisting in charging a transmitting aerial relatively slowly and in one sense only, and impulsively discharging the simplest means for which arrangement signals rec it also in one sense only, and in receiving each of which comprises a quenched spark the electric energy transmitted by the transgap and a condenser having two armatures, mitting aerial in the form of uni-directional one armature being connected with the currents, as set forth. ground and the other armature being con- 3. A method of transmitting electric ennected with the dynamo, and a resistance ergy at a distance without connecting wires, between the latter armature and the dyconsisting in charging a transmitting aerial namo, all the discharge circuits being conrelatively slowly and in one sense only, and nected in parallel with one another and in automatically and partially discharging it series with the aerial, as and for the purat very small intervals of time, also in one pose set forth. sense only, as and for the purpose set forth. In testimony whereof I have signed my 4. pparatus for transmitting electric enname in the presence of two witnesses.

ergy at a distance without connecting wires, v R. O. GALLETTI. comprising in combination a continuous cur- Witnesses: rent dynamo, an aerial connected with said JOHN ROBERTO,

dynamo, a plurality of discharge circuits, BERTRAM H. MA'rrnEws. 

